PRINCIPIA · THEOREM

Similar polygon properties

Dependencies: SSS and SAS similarity tests, Similar perimeter ratio = k, Similar area ratio = k².

Statement

Suppose convex polygons P=V0V1Vn1P = V_0 V_1 \cdots V_{n-1} and P=V0V1Vn1P' = V_0' V_1' \cdots V_{n-1}' are similar with similarity ratio

k  =  V0V1V0V1.k \;=\; \frac{V_0 V_1}{V_0' V_1'}.

Then the three groups of corresponding geometric quantities satisfy the following proportionality relations:

ViVi+1ViVi+1  =  k,PperimeterPperimeter  =  k,PareaParea  =  k2.\frac{V_i V_{i+1}}{V_i' V_{i+1}'} \;=\; k,\qquad \frac{P_{\text{perimeter}}}{P'_{\text{perimeter}}} \;=\; k,\qquad \frac{P_{\text{area}}}{P'_{\text{area}}} \;=\; k^{\,2}.

In other words, for similar polygons, corresponding side lengths are in ratio kk, perimeters are in ratio kk, and areas are in ratio k2k^2. This extends "similarity = same shape with adjustable scale" from triangles to arbitrary convex nn-gons.

Similar polygon diagram: two similar pentagons P, P' satisfy side ratio = k, perimeter ratio = k, area ratio = k^2

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